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Diabetes
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Practice Updated Edition
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Chapter 1
Goals of Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Last Updated: March 18, 2013
Chapter 2
Blood Glucose Monitoring in Type 2 Diabetes

Chapter 3
DPP-4 and Its Inhibitors in Type 2 Diabetes

Chapter 4
The Role of GLP-1 and GLP-1 Agonists in Type 2 Diabetes

Chapter 5
SGLT-2 and Its Inhibitors in Type 2 Diabetes

Chapter 6
Overweight/Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease in Type 2 Diabetes and the Impact of New Diabetes Therapies

Last Updated: March 18, 2013

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Chapter 6 – Overweight/Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease in Type 2 Diabetes and the Impact of New Diabetes Therapies

Editor-In-Chief
Alan J. Garber Alan J. Garber, MD, PhD, FACE
Professor of Medicine, Biochemistry & Cell Biology
Department of Medicine
Baylor College of Medicine

Houston, Texas

Contributing Editor
W. Timothy Garvey W. Timothy Garvey, MD
Professor and Chair
Department of Nutrition Sciences
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Birmingham, Alabama
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Activity Goal
The goal of this activity is to formulate both short- and long-term goals for patients with type 2 diabetes in order to minimize morbidity and mortality.


Target Audience
This activity is designed for diabetologists, endocrinologists, internists, primary care physicians, nurse practitioners, nurses, and pharmacists who participate in the care of patients with type 2 diabetes.

Learning Objectives
Upon completion of this educational activity, learners will be able to:

•   Evaluate the epidemiology and negative impact of overweight/obesity in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
•   Assess the epidemiology and burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with T2DM.
•   Compare the effects of conventional diabetes treatments on weight.
•   Assess the impact of novel incretin and sodium glucose transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor therapies on weight and CVD.

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CME Information: Physicians
Statement of Accreditation
The Endocrine Society is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians.

The Endocrine Society has achieved Accreditation with Commendation.

Credit Designation

The Endocrine Society designates this enduring material for a maximum of 2.0 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s). Physicians should only claim credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

Statement of Independence
As a provider of continuing medical education (CME) accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education, The Endocrine Society has a policy of ensuring that the content and quality of this educational activity are balanced, independent, objective, and scientifically rigorous. The scientific content of this activity was developed under the supervision of The Endocrine Society's Special Programs Committee (SPC). The commercial supporters of this activity have no influence over the selection of the faculty or specific presentations.



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Projects In Knowledge® (PIK) is accredited as a provider of continuing nursing education by the American Nurses Credentialing Center's Commission on Accreditation.

Projects In Knowledge is also an approved provider by the California Board of Registered Nursing, Provider Number CEP-15227.

Upon completion of this course, participants will be awarded 1.01 nursing contact hour(s).

DISCLAIMER: Accreditation refers to educational content only and does not imply ANCC, CBRN, or PIK endorsement of any commercial product or service.


CE Information: Pharmacists
Projects In Knowledge® is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE) as a provider of continuing pharmacy education.

This program has been planned and implemented in accordance with the ACPE Criteria for Quality and Interpretive Guidelines. This chapter is worth up to 2.00 contact hours (0.2 CEUs). The ACPE Universal Activity Number assigned to this Application-type activity is 0052-0000-12-554-H01-P.

Pharmacists should only claim credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

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Disclosure Information
The faculty, committee members, and staff involved in planning this CME activity are required to disclose to learners any relevant financial relationship(s) that have occurred within the last 12 months with any commercial interest(s) whose products or services are discussed in the CME content. Such relationships are defined by remuneration in any amount from the commercial interest(s) in the form of grants; research support; consulting fees; salary; ownership interest (e.g., stocks, stock options, or ownership interest excluding diversified mutual funds); honoraria or other payments for participation in speakers' bureaus, advisory boards, or boards of directors; or other financial benefits. The intent of this disclosure is not to prevent faculty with relevant financial relationships from planning or delivery of content, but rather to provide learners with information that allows them to make their own judgments. It remains for learners to determine whether financial interests or relationships may influence the educational activity with regard to exposition or conclusion.

The Endocrine Society has reviewed all disclosures and resolved or managed all identified conflicts of interest, as applicable.

The Disclosure Policy of Projects In Knowledge requires that presenters comply with the Standards for Commercial Support. All faculty are required to disclose any personal interest or relationship they or their spouse/partner have with the supporters of this activity or any commercial interest that is discussed in their presentation. Any discussions of unlabeled/unapproved uses of drugs or devices will also be disclosed in the course materials. For complete prescribing information on the products discussed during this CME/CE activity, please see your current Physicians' Desk Reference (PDR).

Alan J. Garber, MD, PhD, FACE, has received salary/honoraria from Daiichi Sankyo Inc, GlaxoSmithKline, Inc, Merck & Co, Inc, and Novo Nordisk, Inc; and has received consulting fees from GlaxoSmithKline, Inc, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc, Merck & Co, Inc, and Novo Nordisk, Inc.

W. Timothy Garvey, MD, has received salary/honoraria from Merck & Co. and Novo-Nordisk, Inc.; has received consulting fees from Alkermes Phamaceuticals, Daiichi-Sankyo, Inc., Liposcience, Inc., and Vivus, Inc.; and research funds from Amylin, Merck & Co., and Vivus, Inc.

Lauren A. Cerruto Lauren A. Cerruto (medical writer), has no significant relationships to disclose.

Off-Label Statement
This chapter contains a discussion of off-label or investigational uses of antidiabetes and other therapies to promote weight loss and reduce cardiovascular risk in patients with T2DM.

Peer Reviewer has disclosed no significant relationships.
Dorothy Caputo, MA, BSN, RN (lead nurse planner) has no significant relationships to disclose.
Bernadette Marie Makar, MSN, NP-C, APRN-C (nurse planner) has no significant relationships to disclose.

Endocrine Society staff and Projects In Knowledge’s staff members associated with the development of content for this activity reported no relevant financial relationships.

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Policy on Unlabeled/Off-Label Use
The Endocrine Society has determined that disclosure of unlabeled/off-label or investigational use of commercial product(s) is informative for audiences and therefore requires this information to be disclosed to the learners at the beginning of the presentation. Uses of specific therapeutic agents, devices, and other products discussed in this educational activity may not be the same as those indicated in product labeling approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The Endocrine Society requires that any discussions of such "off-label" use be based on scientific research that conforms to generally accepted standards of experimental design, data collection, and data analysis. Before recommending or prescribing any therapeutic agent or device, learners should review the complete prescribing information, including indications, contraindications, warnings, precautions, and adverse events.

The information presented in this activity represents the opinion of the faculty and is not necessarily the official position of The Endocrine Society or Projects In Knowledge.
 
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Release Date: March 8, 2012.

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Estimated time for completion of this activity:
CME: 2.00 hours
CNE: 1.01 hours
CPE: 2.00 hours

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